Mirabilis jalapa

Four-o’clock is a deciduous, semi-woody perennial in the four-o’clock family (Nyctaginaceae). It is native from Mexico to Central America and can be grown as an annual in western North Carolina but as a perennial in most Piedmont or coastal gardens. The genus name comes from the Latin word meaning wonderful. The specific epithet refers to Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.

Four-o’clock can be grown in most soils and partial shade but prefers full sun and moist to occasionally wet, well-drained humus-rich soil. The plants grow 18 inches to 4 feet tall and 12 to 24 inches wide. Propagate by division or seed. To speed germination, soak the seeds in water overnight. Old plants produce large, potato-like tuberous roots that can be dug before the first freeze in the fall to store indoors and plant again in spring after the last frost. In Zone 8 or 9, the tuberous roots can be left in the ground and will regrow in spring.

This plant’s fragrant flowers open in the afternoon or early evening and are pollinated by hummingbirds and moths, making it a perfect addition to a nighttime or pollinator garden. Place it near a patio or pool where you can smell its fragrance.

Insects, Diseases and Other Plant Problems: No significant problems. The plants can self-seed vigorously and become weedy.